Contents

• Goal and Principle
  • Basic Equations
  • Atmospheric Model
  
  
• Calibration mode: COLD, AUTO, or TREC ?
  • No Nitrogen available : TREC Mode
  • No Nitrogen available : AUTO mode
  • CAL COLD calibration
  • MANUAL mode
  
  
• The temperature scale : ``Beam Efficiency''
• The SKYDIP
• Continuum Calibration
• Reduced Chopper Calibration
  • Partial Beam Coverage
  • Attenuator
  
  
• Critical parameters, biases and errors
  • Low opacity approximation
  • SKYDIP effects
  • Derivatives
  • Results
  • Consequences
  
  
• Recommendations
  • 30-m
  • Interferometer
  • Other problems